Concrete, pavers and pathways: what to know before you build

Concrete and paving give you durable driveways, walkways and patios. Planning the base and drainage matters more than the surface, and Canadian winters are hard on poorly built slabs.

The short version: a good base, correct slope for drainage, proper joints and the right curing are what make concrete last. Compare concrete with pavers, asphalt and gravel for your needs.

Choose the material

• Poured concrete: strong and long-lasting, but it can crack and stain.
• Pavers or interlocking stone: flexible and easy to repair individual pieces, with many styles. A good base is essential.
• Asphalt: common for driveways, needs periodic sealing.
• Gravel: low cost and good drainage, but needs topping up and weed control.
• Flagstone or natural stone: attractive, and costs more.

Why base and drainage matter

In Canada, frost heave and freeze-thaw cycles push and crack surfaces. A compacted gravel base, proper drainage and a slight slope away from the house keep water from pooling and freezing. Water should never run toward the foundation.

Concrete basics

• Excavate, then compact a granular base.
• Build forms, and add reinforcement such as rebar or wire mesh if advised.
• Use concrete rated for freeze-thaw, with air entrainment for outdoor use in cold climates.
• Cut or tool control joints so that cracks form in neat lines.
• Finish with a broom texture for traction.
• Cure it by keeping it moist for several days, and avoid de-icing salts on new concrete for the first winter.

Maintenance

• Seal concrete as the contractor or manufacturer advises.
• Fill cracks early to keep water out.
• Use sand or pet-safe ice melters instead of heavy salt where possible.
• Re-sand pavers and keep them weed-free.
• Reseal asphalt every few years as needed.

Permits and rules

Driveways, curb cuts and larger projects may need a municipal permit, and there may be limits on how much of your lot can be paved. Check with your city. Call before you dig to locate underground utilities.

DIY or hire

Small walkways and patios can be a DIY job. Driveways and large slabs are heavy, time-sensitive work, so hire a contractor. Ask for references, insurance and a written warranty.

Example

A short stone pathway needs a compacted base and a slope away from the house. Skipping the base is the usual reason pavers sink in a few years.

Costs vary by region and material, so get quotes.